Numbers and Arithmetic

NumFu's foundation is built on powerful numeric computation with arbitrary precision arithmetic. Let's start with the basics of numbers and mathematical operations.

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Number Literals

Basic Numbers

NumFu supports several number formats:

42;          // Integer
3.14159      // Decimal
.5           // Leading decimal point optional
-17          // Negative numbers

Scientific Notation

For very large or small numbers:

2.5e10       // 25,000,000,000
1.23E-4      // 0.000123
-1.5e6       // -1,500,000

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Arithmetic Operators

Basic Operations

10 + 5       // Addition: 15
10 - 5       // Subtraction: 5
10 * 5       // Multiplication: 50
10 / 5       // Division: 2
10 % 3       // Modulo: 1
2 ^ 8        // Exponentiation: 256

Unary Operators

-42          // Negation: -42
+42          // Explicit positive: 42
--42         // Double negative: 42

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Operator Precedence

NumFu follows mathematical precedence rules:

2 + 3 * 4;           // 14 (multiplication first)
2 + 3 * 4^2;         // 50 (exponentiation first)
(2 + 3) * 4;         // 20 (parentheses override)

You can find more information here.

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Mathematical Constants

NumFu provides essential mathematical constants:

pi;           // π ≈ 3.14159...
e;            // Euler's number ≈ 2.71828...
inf;          // Infinity
nan;          // Not a Number

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Infinity and NaN

NumFu implements full Inf/NaN (not a number) arithmetic according to the IEEE 754 standard:

1 / 0;        // +inf (positive infinity)
-1 / 0;       // -inf (negative infinity)
0 / 0;        // nan (not a number)
inf * 0       // nan
sqrt(-1)      // nan
nan > 42      // false
nan <= 42     // false
// ...

For a complete, easy-to-understand reference, see this article.

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Examples

Circle Area

import pi from "math"
let radius = 5 in pi * radius^2  // 78.53...

Quadratic Formula Discriminant

let a = 1, b = 5, c = 6 in b^2 - 4*a*c  // 1

Compound Interest

let principal = 1000, rate = 0.05, years = 10 in
  principal * (1 + rate)^years  // 1628.89...